Suplementos—Unidade 2—Parte B

O verbo GOSTAR

The verb GOSTAR is used to talk about what we like to do and the things we like. If you speak Spanish, you will notice that it does not act like the Spanish verb “gustar”». When verbs and nouns follow the verb, we will use the preposition “de.”

Gostar is a stem-changing verb. The “o” in the stem is open in all the forms except for “gostamos.” This is common in Portuguese, but this is the first verb of its type that we are using.

Examples of how to use GOSTAR

Gramática: Conjugação dos verbos regulares -er/-ir

These verbs are conjugated similarly to –ar verbs, but with different characteristic vowels. In order to form the present tense—just as you did with –ar verbs—remove the –er or –ir ending from the infinitive, and then add the following endings to the stem:

Notice that the only differences between the endings of -er and -ir verbs in the present tense occur in the “nós” forms.

• Eu abro as janelas para dormir, mas eu como com as janelas fechadas. (I open the windows to sleep, but I eat with the windows closed.)
• Abrimos os livros mas não comemos na sala de aula. (We open the windows but we don’t eat in the classroom.)

Alguns verbos regulares -er/-ir

If you know how to conjugate one regular -er verb (i.e. “comer”) and one -ir verb (i.e. “abrir”), you will be able to conjugate any regular -er/-ir verb. Here is a short list of regular verbs.

Plural Nouns and Adjectives

As in English, plural forms of Portuguese nouns tend to end in -S. However, in English, we don’t use plural adjectives. For example, in English, we have “the new book” and “the new books.” Although we made the noun (“book”) plural (“books”), the adjective is invariably “new.”

In Portuguese, we make both the noun and the adjective plural. Therefore, we need to understand the rules of pluralization.

Some singular nouns and adjectives from our textbook and their plural counterparts are here. All the nouns and adjectives in this list end in a vowel. To make them plural, we add -S.

The following nouns and adjectives end in consonants -Z, -R, -S. To make them plural, we add -ES.

The nouns and adjectives we have seen that end in -AL become plural differently: -AL becomes -AIS.

Simularly, when the singular noun or adjective ends in -UL, the plural form ends in -UIS.

We have already seen this form: azul becomes azuis.

The following familiar nouns end in -ÇÃO or -SÃO in singular. Look at how they become plural.

Unfortunately, not every noun ending in -ÃO has a predictable plural form. See the following list.

For words like “pão,” “mão,” and “alemão,” it is helpful if you know some Spanish. We can take the Spanish words “panes,” “manos,” and “alemanes,” and erase the -N to give us a clue on how to make the plural forms.

We have seen some nouns and adjectives that end in -M. These words also have particular plural forms. The -M becomes -NS.

I will not present all the pluralization rules in this Suplementos section; however, we can begin to understand how to make nouns and adjectives plural.

Exercícios

Prática 1

Original exercise created by Craig R. Stokes

Prática 2

Original exercise created by Craig R. Stokes

Prática 3

Original exercise created by Craig R. Stokes

Prática 4

Original exercise created by Craig R. Stokes

Prática 5

Original exercise created by Craig R. Stokes

Revisão de Vocabulário

Original exercise created by Craig R. Stokes

Original exercise created by Craig R. Stokes

Original exercise created by Craig R. Stokes

Original exercise created by Craig R. Stokes