Suplementos—Unidade 2—Parte A

Craig R Stokes

Suplementos—Unidade 2—Parte A

Gênero dos substantivos e os artigos

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Gramática—Gênero dos substantivos e os artigos. Authored by: Craig stokes. License: CC BY: Attribution

To understand the gender of nouns, we will look at some of the nouns in Unidade 2, Parte A.

Masculine Nouns

The following nouns are all inanimate objects that have masculine grammatical gender. There is nothing inherently masculine about these nouns.

Many masculine nouns end in -o.

o cabelo (hair)

o olho (eye)

o ano (year)

Other masculine nouns end in -e or a consonant.

o restaurante (restaurant)

o mês (month)

Some masculine nouns end in the suffix -ão

o avião (plane)

o coração (heart)

o leão (lion)

o feijão (bean)

Some masculine nouns end in -ma

o problema

o programa

o sistema

Feminine nouns

Many feminine nouns end in -a.

a bola (ball)

a praia (beach)

a casa (house)

a pergunta (question)

Other feminine nouns end in -e or a consonant.

a pele

a cor

Nouns ending in -dade are always feminine.

a cidade (city)

a universidade (university)

Nouns ending in -agem, -igem also tend to be feminine.

a garagem (garage)

a origem (origin)

a bagagem (baggage)

Many words ending in -ção, -são, -xão are feminine (see “o coração” as an exception). Many of these words correspond to English words that end in -tion and -sion.

a estação (season)

a extensão (extension)

a conexão (conection)

a opção (option)

Definite articles

As you have seen in these examples, the masculine definite article “o” and the feminine definite article mean “the.”

Vocabulary lists will always include these articles with nouns to emphasize their gender.

Singular definite articles

Plural definite articles

o

os

a

as

Examples (singular)

Examples (plural)

o olho (the eye)

os olhos (the eyes)

a casa (the house)

as casas (the houses)

Indefinite articles

We will not always use definite articles with nouns. Sometimes, we want to say “a” or “an” instead of “the” because our noun is less specific.

From our previous list, here are the same nouns with indefinite articles.

Examples (singular)

Examples (plural)

um olho (an eye)

uns olhos (eyes, some eyes)

uma casa (a house)

umas casas (some houses)

What is the difference between “a casa” and “uma casa?”

We use “a casa” to mean “the house,” a particular house. On the Other hand, “uma casa” means “a house,” but not a specific house.

Gramática—Os adjetivos

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Gramática—Os adjetivos. Authored by: Craig stokes.License: CC BY: Attribution

A sizeable portion of Unidade 2, Parte A, deals with adjectives (colors and descriptions). Let’s look at some of these specific adjectives to understand the grammar.

The following adjectives from this Unidade have four forms. We must take the gender and number of the noun into consideration.

Singular feminine

Singular masculine

Plural feminine

Plural masculine

simpática (nice)

simpático (nice)

simpáticas (nice)

simpáticos (nice)

antipática (mean)

antipático (mean)

antipáticas (mean)

antipáticos (mean)

calma (calm)

calmo (calm)

calmas (calm)

calmos (calm)

nervosa (nervous)

nervoso (nervous)

nervosas (nervous)

nervosos (nervous)

amarela (yellow)

amarelo (yellow)

amarelas (yellow)

amarelos (yellow)

The following adjectives from this Unidade have two forms. We only need to consider the number of the noun.

Singular

Plural

paciente (patient)

pacientes (patient)

verde (green)

verdes (green)

impaciente (impatient)

impacientes (impatient)

feliz (happy)

felizes (happy)

chique (fancy)

chiques (fancy)

triste (sad)

tristes (sad)

liberal (liberal)

liberais (liberal)

azul (blue)

azuis (blue)

tradicional (traditional)

tradicionais (traditional)

perfeccionista (perfectionist)

perfeccionistas (perfectionist)

idealista (idealista)

idealistas (idealista)

Now that we understand how nouns and adjectives work together, here are some examples.

o cabelo castanho
os olhos verdes
a pele morena
os olhos azuis
as pessoas impacientes
a jaqueta vermelha

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El verbo IR

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Gramática—Os adjetivos. Authored by: Craig stokes.License: CC BY: Attribution

CC licensed content, shared previously

This content is a Portuguese adaptation of:

Gramática: El verbo IR. Provided by: SUNY Oneonta with Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution

El verbo ir en el tiempo presente. Authored by: Deborah M. Edson. Provided by:
Tidewater Community College. License: CC BY: Attribution

Gramática: Ir + a + Infinitivo. Provided by: SUNY Oneonta with Lumen
Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution

This verb is one of the most common and useful verbs, and as usual, that means it will have very irregular forms. Don’t worry. We will use the verb so often that you will easily remember the forms.

**ir (to go)**

Singular

Plural

eu vou

nós vamos

a gente vai

tu vais

ele/ela/você vai

eles/elas/vocês vão

The verb ir is used to express destinations and will need a preposition to follow it. The two common prepositions are “a” and “para.”

Although these two prepositions can generally be used interchangeably in Brazilian Portuguese, there can be a slight difference in connotation.

“Vou a casa.” (I’m going home.)
“Vou para casa.” (I’m going home.)

However,

“Vou ao Brasil.” Probably means that you are going to visit Brazil temporarily.
“Vou para o Brasil.” Probably implies that you are staying for a while or permanently.

Sometimes we will need a contraction (ao, à, aos, às) with the preposition “a.”

Não vou à festa hoje à noite. (I’m not going to the party tonight.)
Eles vão ao ginásio todos os dias. (They go to the gym every day.)
Vamos aos bons restaurantes. (We are going to the good restaurants).
Ela não vai às aulas hoje. (She is not going to the classes today.)

Vamos falar do futuro!
The verb IR is used as a way to describe future plans when used in the following manner: IR + infinitive. It’s important to remember that you only need to conjugate IR in this kind of sentence. You will not use a preposition after the verb IR. Here are some examples.

Vou estudar hoje à noite. (I’m going to study tonight.)
Você não vai ganhar muito dinheiro trabalhando aqui. (You are not going to earn much money working here.)
Ela não vai comprar o livro. (She’s not going to buy the book.)
Vocês vão assistir a televisão, não? (You all are going to watch TV, right?)